Classes des mots en anglais

Grammaire anglais - Sommaire

Short Overview of English Word Classes

noun: brother, cat, Berlin, …

countability:
- countable:
  - singular: goat, man, sheep, I, …
  - plural: goats, men, sheep, we, …
- uncountable: honesty, butter, luggage, …
  - includes gerunds: present participles used as a noun: "fencing is a sport"

includes pronouns:

personal pronouns: with forms

subjective form (nominative case):

	singular	plural
1st person	I	we
2nd person	you	you
3rd person	he, she, it	they

objective form (accusative case):

	singular	plural
1st person	me	us
2nd person	you	you
3rd person	him, her, it	them

possessive form (genitive case):

	before a noun		independent
	singular	plural	singular	plural
1st person	my	our	mine	ours
2nd person	your	your	yours	yours
3rd person	his, her, its	their	his, hers, its	theirs

reflexive form:

	singular	plural
1st person	myself	ourselves
2nd person	yourself	yourselves
3rd person	himself, herself, itself	themselves

reciprocal pronouns: each other, one another
relative pronouns: that, which, whatever, whichever, whoever, who, whom, whose
demonstrative pronouns: this, that, these, those
interrogative pronouns: who…? (subjective form), whom…? (objective form), whose…? (possessive form), what…?, which…?
indefinite pronouns: one, anyone, everyone, no-one, someone, anybody, everybody, nobody, somebody, anything, everything, nothing, something

determiner (noun modifier):
- article:
  - definite article: the book
  - indefinite article: a book, an orange
- demonstrative: this, that, these, those, yonder
- possessive: my, your, his, her, its, our, their
- quantifier:
  - indefinite quantifier: all, another, any, both, each, either, enough, every, few, fewer, less, little, many, more, most, much, neither, no, one, only, other, several, some, such, that, these, this, those, what, which
  - definite quantifier (or cardinal number): one, two, twenty …
adjective (noun modifier): big, small, brown, round, …
- forms:
  - positive: fast
  - comparative: faster
  - superlative: fastest
verb: be, have, drive, throw, think…
- person: 3rd person singular indicated with "-s" suffix: I walk, he walks
- tense:
  - present tenses:
    - simple present: I listen
    - present continuous: I am listening
    - present perfect: I have listened (also a past tense)
    - present perfect continuous: I have been listening
  - past tenses:
    - simple past: I listened
    - past continuous (or past imperfect): I was listening
    - past perfect (or pluperfect): I had listened
    - past perfect continuous: I had been listening
  - future tenses:
    - simple future: I will listen / I shall listen
    - future continuous: I will be listening / I shall be listening
    - future perfect: I will have listened / I shall have listened
    - future perfect continuous: I will have been listening
    - immediate future: I am going to listen
  - conditional tenses:
    - present conditional: I would listen
    - present continuous conditional: I would be listening
    - conditional perfect: I would have listened
    - conditional perfect continuous: I would have been listening
- voice:
  - active: David wrote this page
  - passive: This page was written by David
- mood:
  - indicative: I am hungry
  - imperative: Feed me
  - subjunctive: If I were you, I would feed him
adverb (verb modifier): swiftly, recently, …
preposition: about, above, across, after, against, along, among, around, at, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, besides, between, beyond, but, by, concerning, despite, down, during, except, for, from, in, inside, into, like, minus, near, of, off, on, onto, opposite, out of, outside, over, past, per, plus, since, through, throughout, till, to, toward(s), under, underneath, until, upon, up, up to, versus, via, with, within, without
conjunction:
- coordinate conjunction: and, but, or, nor, yet
- correlative conjunction: both &hellip and, either … or, neither … nor, hardly … when, if … then, no sooner … than, not only … but also, rather … than, scarcely … when, what with … and, whether … or
- subordinate conjunction: as, after, although, before, because, for, if, lest, provided, providing, since, so (that), supposing, than, though, unless, until, whereas, whether, while

Sources:

basé sur : LurkLurk.org

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