Classes des mots en anglais


Short Overview of English Word Classes

  • noun: brother, cat, Berlin, …
    • countability:
      • countable:
        • singular: goat, man, sheep, I, …
        • plural: goats, men, sheep, we, …
      • uncountable: honesty, butter, luggage, …
        • includes gerunds: present participles used as a noun: "fencing is a sport"
    • includes pronouns:
      • personal pronouns: with forms
        • subjective form (nominative case):
          singular plural
          1st person I we
          2nd person you you
          3rd person he, she, it they
        • objective form (accusative case):
          singular plural
          1st person me us
          2nd person you you
          3rd person him, her, it them
        • possessive form (genitive case):
          before a noun independent
          singular plural singular plural
          1st person my our mine ours
          2nd person your your yours yours
          3rd person his, her, its their his, hers, its theirs
        • reflexive form:
          singular plural
          1st person myself ourselves
          2nd person yourself yourselves
          3rd person himself, herself, itself themselves
      • reciprocal pronouns: each other, one another
      • relative pronouns: that, which, whatever, whichever, whoever, who, whom, whose
      • demonstrative pronouns: this, that, these, those
      • interrogative pronouns: who…? (subjective form), whom…? (objective form), whose…? (possessive form), what…?, which…?
      • indefinite pronouns: one, anyone, everyone, no-one, someone, anybody, everybody, nobody, somebody, anything, everything, nothing, something
  • determiner (noun modifier):
    • article:
      • definite article: the book
      • indefinite article: a book, an orange
    • demonstrative: this, that, these, those, yonder
    • possessive: my, your, his, her, its, our, their
    • quantifier:
      • indefinite quantifier: all, another, any, both, each, either, enough, every, few, fewer, less, little, many, more, most, much, neither, no, one, only, other, several, some, such, that, these, this, those, what, which
      • definite quantifier (or cardinal number): one, two, twenty …
  • adjective (noun modifier): big, small, brown, round, …
    • forms:
      • positive: fast
      • comparative: faster
      • superlative: fastest
  • verb: be, have, drive, throw, think…
    • person: 3rd person singular indicated with "-s" suffix: I walk, he walks
    • tense:
      • present tenses:
        • simple present: I listen
        • present continuous: I am listening
        • present perfect: I have listened (also a past tense)
        • present perfect continuous: I have been listening
      • past tenses:
        • simple past: I listened
        • past continuous (or past imperfect): I was listening
        • past perfect (or pluperfect): I had listened
        • past perfect continuous: I had been listening
      • future tenses:
        • simple future: I will listen / I shall listen
        • future continuous: I will be listening / I shall be listening
        • future perfect: I will have listened / I shall have listened
        • future perfect continuous: I will have been listening
        • immediate future: I am going to listen
      • conditional tenses:
        • present conditional: I would listen
        • present continuous conditional: I would be listening
        • conditional perfect: I would have listened
        • conditional perfect continuous: I would have been listening
    • voice:
      • active: David wrote this page
      • passive: This page was written by David
    • mood:
      • indicative: I am hungry
      • imperative: Feed me
      • subjunctive: If I were you, I would feed him
  • adverb (verb modifier): swiftly, recently, …
  • preposition: about, above, across, after, against, along, among, around, at, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, besides, between, beyond, but, by, concerning, despite, down, during, except, for, from, in, inside, into, like, minus, near, of, off, on, onto, opposite, out of, outside, over, past, per, plus, since, through, throughout, till, to, toward(s), under, underneath, until, upon, up, up to, versus, via, with, within, without
  • conjunction:
    • coordinate conjunction: and, but, or, nor, yet
    • correlative conjunction: both &hellip and, either … or, neither … nor, hardly … when, if … then, no sooner … than, not only … but also, rather … than, scarcely … when, what with … and, whether … or
    • subordinate conjunction: as, after, although, before, because, for, if, lest, provided, providing, since, so (that), supposing, than, though, unless, until, whereas, whether, while



Sources:



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